What is Cervical Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, Stage, Treatment, Prognosis


What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical or cervix is the lower part of the uterus that is continuous with the vagina. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor arising in the cervix.

What causes Cervical Cancer?
The exact cause of cervical cancer is not known with certainty. However, statistics show there were close links with infection by HPV (Human Papilloma Virus), especially HPV type 16 and type 18.

What age can you get Cervical Cancer at most?
Cervical cancer can be found at around the age of 30-60 years.

What is risk factor of Cervical Cancer?
Several factors are thought to play a role lead to cervical cancer are:
  • Genetic factors
  • Many sexual partners
  • Sexual intercourse at a young age
  • Smoke
  • Infection by HIV / AIDS, Chlamidya, syphilis and gonoroe

What is symptoms of Cervical Cancer?
In early-stage cervical cancer symptoms often do not provide a clear, in the course of the disease will be member of complaints:
  • Bleeding outside the menstrual period
  • Bleeding after the menopause
  • Bleeding after intercourse
  • Pain when having sex
  • Lower abdominal pain
  • Smelling vaginal discharge and is often accompanied by blood

How to diagnose cervical cancer?


To ascertain whether a person is suffering from cervical cancer, in addition to doing a physical examination, the doctor will suggest the investigation include:
  • Pap smear
  • HPV DNA testing
  • Colposcopy (examination of the genitals with a magnifying binoculars)
In suspicious cases, the doctor will perform additional checks as follows:
  • Biopsy ( taking some tissue ) for examination under a microscope
  • Rofoto ( X-ray photo ) lungs, CT scan, MRI and PET for the detection of cancer cells causation

How many stage is Cervical Cancer?
Based on the results of the tests of cervical cancer can be divided into :
  • Stage 1, when the cancer is still confined in the cells of the cervix, and the size of abnormalities of < 3 mm.
  • Stage 2, the cancer cells have spread to the upper part of the vagina but not touching the pelvic wall.
  • Stage 3, the cancer cells have spread to the lower part of the vagina and pelvic wall.
  • Stage 4, the cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes and organs around the cervix of the bladder and rectum are spread even further into the liver, lungs and bones.

What is treatment for Cervical Cancer?
Treatment of cervical cancer depends on the stage of the disease the patient 's health dankondsi, some actions you can take are:

1. Operation
  • Hysterectomy is remove the whole uterus, performed on stage 1 cervical cancer.
  • Histerktomi radical, the surgical remove the entire uterus, upper vagina and nearby lymph nodes, it is done at stage 2.
2. Radiotherapy, treatment with radioactive rays from either the outside or planted in the cervix.
3. Chemotherapy, the drugs that will kill cancer cells
4. The combination of two or three methods above

How to prevent Cervical Cancer?
Risk of cervical cancer can be reduced by:
  • Healthy lifestyle by avoiding risk factors.
  • Early detection by doing regular pap smears.
  • Vasinasi anti- HPV (Gardasil, Cevarix) at the age of 9-25 years.

What is best time for Pap Smear?
Pap smears should be done since the age of 25 years, let alone a history of early sexual contact. The recommended schedule is:
  • Age 25-49 years : every 3 years
  • Age 50-65 years : every 5 years
  • Over 65 years do not need a pap smear again.

How is Cervical Cancer prognosis?
Prognosis depends on the stage of cervical cancer, the earlier detected, the better the survival. Five year survival rate data is:
Stage 1 : 90-94 %
Stage 2 : 60-75 %
Stage 3 : 30-40 %
Stage 4 : < 15 %

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